Method of injection molding



occze, 1943 W, UCKER 2,332,679

METHQD' OF INJECTION MOLDING Filed April 22, 1940 s Sheets -Sheet 1 E 1. I l i'lg 5 1 48 2 Wl-IRREN R7?! KER,

Oct. 26, 1943. w. R. TUCKER 2,332,679

METHOD OF INJECTION MOLDING Filed April 22, 1940 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 JQuaupo MRREN R. 'I'uc KER,

" Mvi llm;

Oct. 26, 1943. w. R. TUCKER 2,332,679

' METHOD OF INJECTION MOLDING FiledApril 22, 1940 a Sheets-Sheet '5 I/Jf I I I I Ill/l I 11/ I WARREN R.'1'ucKER.

Oct. 26,1943, w. R. TUCKER 2,332,619 METVHOID OF INJECTION MOLDING- Filed April 22, 1940- a Sheets-Sheet 4 EFFECTIVE PRESSURE: H marrow or PRESS Y 36 PRESSURE FLOW NON-PRE53URE FLOW--- v 5 I Junta/66v a Wnmezzv Rl'ucnm,

Oct.v 26, 1943. w. R. TUCKER 2,332,679

METHOD OF INJECT I ON MOLDING Filed April 22, 1940 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 EFFECili/E PRESSURES MOTION OFPRESS PRESSURE FLOW W NQNPRESSURE FLOW T /um WARREN R-Tucmss,

l 1943- w. R. TUCKER 2,332,679

METHOD OF INJECTION MOLDING Filed April 22, 1940 a Sheets-Sheet s EFFECTIVE PkEssuRss 8 5 MOTION OF PRESS z PRESSURE now NoMPREssuRE Fww WARREN R. TUCKER,

Oct. 26, 1943. w. R. TUCKER 2,332,679

METHOD OF INJECTION MOLDING Filed April 22, 1940 8 Sheets-Sheet '7 EFFECTIVE PREssukEs g I MOTION OF PRESS f PREssvRe now flowPRessvRf now-" ct. 26, 1943. w. R. TUCKER 2,332,679

METHOD OF INJECTION MOLDING Filed April 22, 1940 a Sheets-Sheet 8 Fig. i3 160 Jrwwuib BVWARREN RTucm:

2-2 of Figure 1.

. Patented Oct. 26, 1943 T osmos- METHOD INJECTION MOLDING Warren R. Tucker, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to The Hydraulic Development Corp. Inc Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware Application April 22, 1940, Serial No. ssosse- 4 Claims.

The present-invention relates to molding, and in particular to injection molding.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method of injection molding which will simplify and speedup the injection'process.

It is another object of the invention which will enable rapid injectionof the material tobe molded articles.

A further object of the invention consists in the provision. of a method of injection molding which is simple in application and cheaper than injection molding methods heretofore used.

Still another object of the invention consists in the provision of a simplified method of injection molding which may be'carried out in molding machines materially simpler in construction and smallerin size than molding machines heretofore used for similar purposes.

These and other objects and advantages will appear more clearly from the following description'in connection with the accompanyinsd awings which illustrate molding machines for carrying out the new method and in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a press adapted to carry out the molding method of the present invention. 1 Figure 2 is a vertical'section along the line Figure .3 is a horizontal section along the line 3-3 of-Figure 2, looking in the direction or the arrows. n

Figure 4 is a horizontal section along the line v l4 of Figure 2'.

Figure 5 is a vertical section along the line 5-5 of Figure-1, and shows details of the automolded, thereby increasing the quantity of the f ner with the upper bolster E.

Figure 14 illustrates an oil heating chamber used in connection with the embodiment of Figure 13. v

Referring to the drawings in detail and, first, particularly to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 11, l designates the bed of the press upon which is fixedly mounted or .held by gravity the lower bolster 2 carrying the lower mold half 3. The upper mold half 4 is vcarried by the upper bolster 5 which is operatively connected with the clamping and cushioning pistons 8 by clamping rods l, which are attached in any suitable man- The pistons 8 are adapted to reciprocate within the clamping and cushioning cylinders 8 which are formed integrally with the clamping and in- Jecting head 9 of the press. These cylinders 8 being formed within theclamping and injecting head 9 and having the form of a hollow casting.

Depending from and fixedly attached at the upper ends in any suitable manner to the head 9 are a pair of rods I to, ilibwhich function as both booster and push-back rods, having mounted fixedly at their lower ends, the booster and pushback'pistons lla,ailb. The pistons Ila, lib re ciprocate' within cylinders l2 formed in the bed I, as for example, by. b ing made integral with the casting which constitutes the bed i. The space above the pistons Ila, llb is employed for pulling the head 9 downwardly, while the space below the pistons Ha, llb is used for pushing the matically proportioned feeding mechanism for the material to be molded. v

I'igure 6 is a vertical section along the line 6-4 of Figure 5 illustrating details of the one--' way feeding sprocket. I

Figure- 7 is aver'tical section along the line of Figure 2 illustrating vthe feed surrounding the injection plunger.

Figures 8, 9, l0 and 11. area simplified diagrammatic illustration of'a press for carrying out the method according to the present inven tion d trating diflerent stagesoi the molding operatiom a in connection 8 to 11'.

chamber Figure 13 is a dia rammatic viable incomes press, and

head 9 upwardly.

The rods I80, iilb have mounted thereon, in; (any suitable manner, collars l3 which support the platen It so that platen II It is supported by gravity on the collars "is l5 and a lower plate I8. these plates being sei to Figure 12 shows a detailoi the main valve used with the embodiment of Figures.

J manner-which presently appear. The injection cylinder l8 depends from the .55 feed chamber I! downwardly through'the plate cured to ether in;- spaced relationship by the Webs ll orplate II and bolts "a passing through the plate "into the webs l1. v v

Fixedly mounted on the platen I4 is the injection cylinder. generally designated l8 which is attached to the upper plate I! centrally thereof by means or the feed chamber IS. The, feed' v n feeding moldingmaterial into the injectioncylinder'and also serves for chamber it serves for holding a reserve or the molding material inia is free to traverse j that portion of the rods Ma, iilb which lies between the collars l8 and the head 8. The platen that when the platen ll :isllowered the injection nozzle 20 will engage the injection gate 2| of the 1 mold half I before the plate It rests upon the upper bolster 5.

Contained within the platen I are a pair of heating tanks 22 from which heated oil or the like is circulated through suitable oil heating passageways provided around the injection cylinder l8 in the usual manner. A pump 23 driven by motor 24 being employed for this purpose. 7

The provision oi the heating means within the platen It makes for a more compact and heater I assembly.

Secured to and depending downwardly from the head 9 in a mannersimilar to the rods llla,

lllb are four main rods 25a, 25b, which extend downwardly and slideably through bolster 2 into the bed I of the press where they are provided with main pistons 26a, 26b operated slideably within the vertical cylinders 21 formed integrally with the casting of the bed I. The space above these pistons is employed as the main pressing area in amanner which will presently appear. The space below these pistons is in constant and free communication with a lower liquid tank or reservoir 28v (Figure 8) formed in the bed i of the press by the casting thereof. This communication is maintained by the ports 28 formed at the bottom of the cylinders 21. The space above the pistons 26a and 26b is in constant check-valved communication with the reservoir 28 bythe conduits 30 which extend through the walls of the cylinders. 21 into the reservoir 28 and which are provided on their inward ends with a check valve Il adapted to allow liquid to freely flow from the reservoir 28' into these spaces but to prevent the reverse flow-..

The main rods 250 are provided with bores 32 which extend mm their uppermost end down through the pistons 20o into communication with the spaces below the pistons 28a. The bores 32 are also in tree and constant communication unloading will take .p1ace,'thereby determining the clamping pressure. As will be obvious, the unloading valve 40 is normally closed and is opened" only when the clamping pressure for clamping the mold halves together exceeds a predetermined value.' The unloading valve 40 is so adjusted that it remains closed while the clamping and injecting head 9 moves downwardly causing the piston 8 to be telescoped in the clamping cylinders 8.

To allow the relief of the underside of the clamping piston 6, ports 42 are provided in the lower-portions [of the clamping cylinders 8, these ports leading directly into the upper reservoir 33. The clamping and injecting head 8 carries on its lower face the injection plunger 48 which is slidably'received downwardly through a bore in I the upper plate I! (Figure 2) of the'platen ll and which is in alignment with the injection cylinder IS.

The right-hand booster" and push-back rod Illa is provided with an axial bore 44 which communicates at its lower end with the space ,above the booster and push-back piston Ho and which .communicates at its top with the line It I comprising a check valve 46 which allows fluid pressure from above the push-back and booster piston lid to be transmitted to the clamping cylinders 8, but prevents" the reverse flow oi' fluid. The left-hand booster and push-back rod lllb is provided with an axial bore 4! which extends downwardly through the booster and pushwith an oil reservoir or tankdl formedin the head 8 crime press. .In this'way. the reservoir 33 is in constant communication with the reservoir 28 so that the reservoir 2| is always filled. The main rods 25b are provided with bores 34 which at all times are in communication with the space'above the-pistons 20b, as indicated in Figures 8 to 11. One or these'borm N is connected by a line}! with. line Illeadingto'the spaces above the clampinl pistons l .A check valve 31 is arranged in the line 8! in such a manner as to allow the-tree flow upwardly therein but to prevent the flow in the reverse;-d irection. The other bore 34" atits upper end with a pipe 18 whichin its turn communicates with the line "above the check valve back-piston llb into communication with the space therebelow and which at its upper end is connected to the upper end oi line 36 comprising a check valve 41. The check valve 41 is adapted to allow pressure below the piston ill: to be transmitted to the clamping cylinders; but to prevent the -flow 'oi fluid in the reverse direction. Thus, since one or more of the main pressing areas, viz. the areas above the main pistons 28a and 2th, and oi the booster areas, viz, the areas above the push-back pistons lla, llb and oi the back pistons ll'a, lib are supplied with liquid pressure at all times, the clamping cylinders O are at all times supplied with liquid pressure.

Feeding mechanism The ieeding'mechanism as illustrated in rig ures 2, 5, 6 and '7 comprises a hopper 48 for the molding material which is mounted on a rlshthand extension of the upper plate ll of the platen in: material into the cylindrical bore 4! formed 31. The pipe I. is providedwitli i I II adapted toallow flow oi fluid downwardly into the adjacent bore it. but prevents the'ilow or fluid in the reverse direction, "viz. upwardly.

Inter-posed m the pipe as is a relief or unload ing valve 40 which is'adapted'to .be actuated by the-pressure built up-i'n the line I and transmitted through a line ll from line '3! so as to allow free discharge from the space abovexthe clamping'piston 8 when the. pressure thereabove exceeds a predetermined amount." The unloading valve "is preferab y. adjustable sov .as to allow adjustment of the pressure at which the ,aboveandaround the injection bore of the injection cylinder" ll. on the outward end '0 the'shart 52 oi. the conveyor'Jl is a pinion adapted to drive'ths shaft]! in only one-dioi through the intervention oi the pinion II. The silent ratchet thus formed adaptedto drive teed. screw ll only when the is rotated in sothattheroiiers'llareclamn d or the slots It and the shafts shaft l2 rotates-in a direction opposite to direction'indicated by the arrow rollers-Narereleasedsothattheyrotato ireely between the'pinion "and the shaft thereby allowing pinion It to idle.

. The hopper II is adapted to feed the mold in'thetapering mu 6 the direction indicated sure through the conduit 64 into the bore 85 pro- The feed pinion 58 may be driven by a rack 56- which is screw-threadedly mounted on an actuating and adjusting rod .81 mounted vertically on the right-hand side of the press.- The rod 51 has at its upper'end a fixedly attached collar 58 which is received rotatably between the ears 58 supported by and rigidly connected with the head 9. The collar 58 preventsthe rod 51 from moving vertically relative to the head 8,

' but allows free rotation of the rod Thus, the

rack 58 may be adjusted vertically by rotating the rod 51 by means of the hand wheel 88 at its lower'end which is readily accessible to the operator. In order to adjust the point of'stopping of the injection plunger 43, the rack 58 is adjusted vertically by means of the hand wheel 68. This adjustment is effected by changing the point at which the lower end 8| of the rack 56 engages the pinion 58 and starts rotation thereof on the From the foregoing, it will be seen that no feeding takes place while the head 8 and the platen are moving downwardly together, because when this is happening there is no relative movement between the head 8 and the platen M. On the other hand, feeding starts at the moment when the mold halves 3 and 8 are clamped together, since then the platen i4 remains stationary while the head 8 moves downwardly. In other words there is a relative movement between the head 9' and the platen M.

It will be seen further that the feeding will the injection plunger 4181s received within the v injection cylinder M. It will be understood that when the injection plunger 58 is retracted from the injection cylinder i8, the material which was fed into and accumulated in the chamber i8 around the injection stroke will follow downwardly by gravity into the upper portion of the be in direct proportion to the extent to which injection cylinder l8 to replace the material which was injected into the mold.

It will further be seen that the adjustment of the handwheel 88 and consequent adjustmentof the point of engagement of the rack 58 of the pinion 53, the point at which the injection plunger 83 comes to rest may be effected to suitthe particular requirements of the article to be molded. It is known that in order toobtain the best polish of the molded piece, the injection plunger &8 should stop at a point just ahead of the torpedo in the injection cylinder I8, and since the amount of the injected material will vary with'the size of the molded piece, it will be seen that by the ieedling arrangement provided herein, conditions may be readily adjusted so as to bring about this desirable result with a piece of any size.

Hydraulic circuits The hydraulic circuit of the embodiment,-shown vi'ded in the valve core 68 of the valve 81. The

valve core 8.6, which is rotatably mounted in, the

valve casing 68 comprises two half-circular recesses whichare separated from each other by ribs-88 and l8, and form together with the wall of the valve casing 88' two chambers H and 12 respectively. The valve core 86 further com-' prises an annular recess 13 (Fi re. 12) which communicates'through a bore 14 with the cham ber H. The bore communicates through a chamber 15 with the chamber 12. p

A conduit 16 leads from the outlet conduit 14 of thepump 82 to a. servo-motor l1 operatively connected with the pump and adapted to cause the movement of the pump to neutral or no-delivery position when a predetermined pressure is developed in 'the conduit 64. This enables the holding of the injection plunger 43 inwardly un- The main pressing areas located above themain pistons 28a, 26b are connected to the branched conduit 88 which leads by means of the conduit 83 to the valve port 18. When the valve 61 is in the position shown in Figure 11 of the drawings,'the pump 82 supplies liquid pressure into the push-back areas below pistons Ha and ill through the conduits 85 and 81, while the booster areas above the push-back pistons Ila,

" llb are connected with the suction sideof the pump 82 through the cpnduits i8, 82, the bores 18.

into conduit 88. Furthermore, fluid pressure is conveyed through the conduits 48 and 85 into the clamping or cushioning cylinders8. Fluid pressure also acts through the conduits 83 and 88 and bores 88 in the cylinders l2 upon the upper surface of the main pistons 26a and 26b,

Since the push-back areas and the clamping.

areas, viz. the areas below the push-back pistons i la, i it and the areas above the clamping pistons 8 are greater "than the main areas, viz. the-areas above the pistons 8611,8822, the pistons Ila, Hb

and 26a, 282) will move upwardly thereby lifting the press head 8 upwardly. In order to limit the upward travel of the press head 8, the left-hand push back cylinder 52 is provided with an overtravel port 88 which is adapted to be connected by a two-way valve M to a conduit 88 leading to the inlet conduit 88 of the pump 62 and thus to the tank 88.

The press head 8 carries a shifting rod 93 which is provided with an adjustable collar 98 adapted to engage an arm 85 on a rod 98 at the point where it is desired to have the head '8 stopped. The rod 88 is connected with a valve member 91 carrying pistons 81 and 88 adapted alternately to eflect and interrupt communication between the conduits 88 and 88.

A spring 888 is provided between the casing of the valve 8! and a shoulder l8! on a downward extension of'the rod 88 and is adapted normally to maintain the valve 8| closed, but to yield so as to allow communication between the'conduits 88 and 82 when the head 8 regains its upper pos-ition. Thus it is insured that the head 8 will stop its upward movement at a predetermined "it would cause the valve 9| to be closed whereupon the pressure delivered into the conduit 81 would be immediately applied to the push-back pistons Ila, lib to cause upward travel of the head 9 until the valve 9i is again opened.

Operation When the press is idling, the parts occupy the position shown in Figure 8. The pump 62 is constantly delivering pressure fluid through the conduit 64, the bore 65, the channel 15, the chamber 12, the conduits 82 and 86 into the space above the pistons .I la and l lb. At the same time the pressure fluid flows from the chamber 12 of the valve 61 through the conduits 85 and 81 into the space below the pistons lid and lib. From the space below the piston l lb, fluid pressure'flows through the conduit 99, the valve 9i and the conduit 92 back into the conduit 63. Fluid pressure furthermore acts through the bores 44 and 45 and the conduit 36 upon the upper surface of the clamping pistons 6. This pressure maintains the pistons 6 bottomed in the cylinders 8.

Both sides of the main pistons communicate through the ports and conduits 29 and 30 with the tank 28. To start the head 9 downwardly in a pressing operation, the valve core 66 may either manually, or by any desired mechanism, be shifted into the position shown in Figure 9. As will be clear from Figure 9, fluid pressure supplied by the pump 62 is delivered through the conduit 64, the bore 65, the channel 15, the chamber 12, into conduits 82 and 86 .into the space above the push-back pistons Ila, lib. The space below the pistons Ila, lib now communicates through the conduits 81 and 86 with the chamber ii and through the bore l4 and the conduit 84 with the suction side of wardly. During this operation, fluid below the push-back pistons Ila, lib may escape through the conduits 91 and 86 into the chamber ii and from there into the bore 14, into the conduit 69 leading to the suction side of the pump 62. Fluid below the main pistons 28a, 26b may escape through the ports 29 into the tank 28 or through I the bores 32 into the tank 39.

When the upper mold half 4 has engaged or .is about to engage the lower mold half 8, the

valve core 66 is shifted manually, or by any other suitable mechanism, into the position shown in Figure l0.- In this positionof the valve 81 the pump 62 delivers pressure fluid through the conduit 64, the bore 65, the channel 16 into the chamber 12. From here pressure fluid flows through the conduits 89 and 88 into the space above the main pistons 28a and 29b. The space below the main pistons 26a, 28b communicates through the ports 29 with the fluid tank 28. The spaces below. and above the push-back pistons Ila, llb now communicate respectively through the conduits 86 and 82. and the conduits 81 and 85 with the chamber H which, in its turn, communicates-through the bore 1% and the conduits 84 and 63 with the suction side of the pump 62 and with the fluid tank 28.- Consequently, the

26a and 26b -2,saa,c7e

' pressure acting uponthe upper surfaces of the main pistons 28a, 26b :causes the press head -9 to continue its downward movement,

Since previously the mold halves had engaged each other so that a further downward movement of the clamping pistons 6 is not possible, the downward movement of the press head 9 causes pressure to build up in theclamping cylinder which acts through the conduit 4i on the unloading valve 40 so that at a predetermined pressure in the clamping cylinders 8 fluid may escape through the conduit 35 the unloadin valve 48 and the conduit 38, the check valve 39 and'the bore .34 into the space above the main pistons 26a and 26b, thereby supplementing the fluid above the pistons 26a and 26b and causing a fast injection stroke; It is obvious that if the limited output of the pump 62 were'applied to both the main and the booster areas, the injection would be slower than in the arrangement described above in which the effective area of the main pressing'pistons 26a, 26b islowered by an amount equal to the area of the clamping piston 6. The head 9 now continues downwardly under the action of the pressure liquid applied to the main pressing spaces, the application of pressure to the clamping pistons 6 being maintained in the clamping cylinders 8. Thiscontinued downward movement of the press head- 9 causes entry of the injection plunger 43 into the injection cylinder l8, causing first a flrm clamping of the injection cylinder to the upper mold half 4 and thereafter causing the actual fast injection.

As soon as the mold cavity is filled and the injection stroke finished, the valve core 66 is manually, or by any other suitable mechanism, shifted into the position shown in Figure 11. In this position the pump 62 delivers pressure fluid through the conduit 64, the bore 65, the chamber 12, and theconduits and 81 into the space below the push-back pistons Ila and llb. Furthermore, fluid pressure acts through the bore 45 and the conduit 36 upon the upper surface-of the clamping piston 6. The pressure side of the pump 62 also communicates through the chamber 12 and the conduits 83 and 88 and the bores 89 with the main areas. Since the push-back areas, together .with the clamping areas are greater than the main pressing areas, the press head 9 now starts its retraction stroke. During the first part of the retraction stroke, the pressure in the clamping cylinders still keeps the mold halves This is advantageous in so far as the material in the mold has not yet cooled off so that the nozzle does not stick to the'material in the mold. When somewhat later the clampingpistons 6 bottom in the press head 9, the retraction of the injection plunger 43 ceases because when the pistons 6 bottom, the area is removed rom,cooperation with the push-back area and the combined main area oi. the pressing pistons are greater than the combined areas of the pushback pistons.

Any tendency for the main pressing pistons to i'orce' the head 9 downwardly is, however, instantly counteracted since such downward movement unbottoms the clamping pistons 6 rendering the areas effective of conjunction with the push-back areas so as to again cause the head 9 the time of unclamping the rod ttcarried by released, and in ,to move upwardly until the pistons 6 bottom. Therefore, the head 9 merely stops in its upward jmovementand maintains this position because if it moves in either direction from this it is instantly returned thereto.

Meanwhile, the mold halves-have remained clamped under a predetermined pressure and position cooling of the molded article is taking place.

and Nb communicates through: the conduits 86 and the chamber 12 likewise with the pressure side of the pump 62. However, since the space below and above the main pistons 25a, 266 communicates with the fluid tankand the suction side of the pump, and since the push-back area is greater than the booster area, the push-back pistons Ila and llb'now raise the press head 9. ,It will be noted that during this last portion or the retraction stroke of the press head, the

push-back pistons 6 remain bottomed since the pressure acting upon the lower surface of the push-back piston Hb is conveyed through the bore t5, the valve 41 andthe conduit 36 into the clamping cylinders 8. It should also be noted that by connecting both the push-back and booster areas to the pressure side of the pump 62 the liquid forced out of the booster space enters the push-back space, thereby supplementing the fluid'in the latter and causing a very rapid return stroke. 4

While the movement of the press head during the first part of the retraction stroke, i. e. until the niold, is relatively slow, this is immaterial because at this point the time required for the cooling and hardening of the article in the mold is the limiting factor.

The return stroke of the press head 9 continues until thepiston lib uncovers the over-travel port 99 and the collared (Figure 8) connectedwith the head 9 causes, by means or'the arm Wand, rod 98, the opening of the valve 9!, thereby allowing the pump output to be returned to the tank. Atthls time, the application of clamping pressure to the clamping pistons b may be discontinued because of slight leakage by the pistons d, butthis is not material because no clammngls required in this-position. This is the only time in the cycle when there is any possibility oi the clamping pressure being fact this is not during the cycle, but at completion oi the cycle during dwell at the uppermost position. The press now occupies the idling position illustrated in Figure 8 of the drawings and remains in this position until the valve core 66 is again operated. 1

With regard tothe ie a of the material, it

' will be noted that as the head 8 and the platen it move downwardly together, no feeding occurs. However, when the platen It comes to rest by reason of the engagement oi the injection cylinder with the upper mold halt #3, continued movement oithe head 9 downwardly causes the rack 56, after a predetermined period depending upon the adjustment of the vertical rod 6'! to engage the pinion53 and to cause rotation thereof in clockwise direction with respect to Figure 6. This causes feeding by the feed screw 50 into the chamber I9 in proportion to the extent of the downward travel of the injection plunger 43.

When the injection plunger 43 is withdrawn the over-running clutch embodied in pinion 53 does not feed. When the injection plunger is withdrawn, the accumulated molding material in the chamber it falls downwardly into that portion of the injection cylinder which is surrounded by the heating tank 22.

Modification of Figures 13 and 14 'Figure 13 illustrates a modified press for carrying out the method according to the present m- .vention, in which the clamping and injecting jecting head lot carries the plunger Hi5 and contains the clamping pistons lilB which support the bolster Hit by means of the rods 31.; The injection'oylinder carrying platen I08 (Figure l) is constructed in a manner generally similar to the plunger i l described in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 1,2, and is suspended in a similar manner from the clamping and injecting head.

The oil heating chamber N19 is mountedon the lower plate of the platen MB or a rearward extension of said plate, and oil from the oil heating chamber N19 is circulated around the injection cylinder in a manner similar to that shown in Figure 4.

The clamping and injecting head 104 is recip rotated by the ram 3 it) which operates within the press head ill. The main pressing space -I I2 is above the piston i it, while the push-back space is below the piston H3 around the plunger and ram lit. The booster action is efiected by the provision or a stationary piston ora booster ram ti l having an axial bore H5 extending lengthwise thereof, the booster space being designated Ht. j

' Hydraulic and electric circuits The liquid pressure for actuating the hydraulic motors is supplied by means of a one-way variable delivery pump iiZa which is similar to the variable delivery pump 62 described in connection with the embodiment of Figures 1 to 12 and which is likewise provided with a servo-motor mile for limiting the flow of fluid when a pre-' determined pressure is developed in the conduit tea connected with the pressure side or the pump. The conduit Ma leads to inlet Ports or valvemember of the valve l ll from the normal position shown in Figure 1-3 downwardly against the action of the spring H9, thereby shifting the valve ii'i.

The valve member of the valve H8 is adapted normally to occupy the position shown in Figure 1-3 andto be moved upwardly by a solenoid Hill. The solenoid 520 is connected parallel with a solenoid ill, which is adapted, when energized to pull its armature I22 upwardly,-thereby mak- 3 against the lower pair ing two circuits which will be described presently.

One side of the solenoids I and I2I is connected by a line I23 to the power line I24 which may be provided with an emergency switch for discontinuing application of power to the press. The other power line is designated I25. The other side of the solenoids-I20 and I2I is connected by a line I26 to one side of a normally open limit switch I21, which is adapted to be actuated by a cam I28 adjustably carried on a rotor I29 supported by'thehead I04. The cam I28 is adapted to close the limit switch I21 when clamping of the molds has taken place and when injection is about to begin. The other side ofthe limit switch I21 is connected by a line I30 to a lower contactI3I adapted to be engaged by the armature I32 of a solenoid I33 which is connected in parallel with the solenoid H8. The

corresponding lower contact I34 is connected by a line I35 to the power line I25.

The upper contacts I36 and I31,are adapted to be connected by the armature I38 cooperating with the solenoid I33 and connected as follows: The conduit I36 is connected by a line Into the power line I24, while the conduit I31 is connected to a line I40 which, in its turn, is connected to one side of the solenoids 'I I8 and I33 and which is also connected to one side of a switch MI. The other side of the solenoids H8 and I33 isv connected by a line I42 through a normally closed time switch I43 to the power line I25. The switch I43 is adapted to be opened by a timer motor I44. The other side of the switch MI is connected by a line I45 to the line I38 and thus to the power line I24. Interposed in the line I45 is a repeat limit switch I46. For automatic operation, the switch MI is locked up against the upper contacts.

The limit switch I46 which is closed only when the clamping and injecting head I04 is upand which is otherwise open, is adapted to be closed when the head I04 reaches the limit of its upward ravel, thereby causing the press to execute another injection stroke. For manual operation,

the switch MI is pushed down for an instant of conduits and then released.

Another timer motor I41 is provided which is adapted to open a normally closed time switch I48, one side of which is connected by a line I49 to the power line I 25 and the other side of which is connected by a line I50 to an upper contact I5I adapted to be connected by the upper switch I52 carried by the armature I22 to the point of junction I53 of the line I26 with the lower ends of the coils of the solenoids I20 and I2I. The timer motors I44 and I41 are connected in parallel, one side being connected by a line I54 to the power line I25 and the other side be- I62 to the surface port I64 of the valve H1. The

return port I65 of the valve H1 is connectedby a return conduit I66 to the tank-28a. The upper return port I61 01? the valve H8 is connected by 62a is adapted to communicate with the space above the clamping pistons I06 by means of a check valve HI and a conduit I12. A conduit I13 branching ofi conduit I12 is adapted toconvey fluid pressure from the conduit I12 to a valve member in an unloading valve I14 similar to unloading valve I40 in the embodiment of Eigures 1 to 11. One side of the unloading valve I14 is adapted to communicate through a conduit I15 to the conduit I12, while the valve I14 may'communicate through a conduit I16 and a check valve I11 with a conduit I58.

The operation of the device illustrated in Figure 13 is as follows: With the press idling in the position shown in Figure 13, the pump 62a is delivering pressure fluidinto the conduit 64a whence it passes through the valve H8 into the conduit I60 leading to thebooster space H6, and to valve II1 whenc it is delivered into the conduit I63 leading to the push-back space. The main .pressing space H2 is connected through the valve 8 freely back to the tank 28a by way 7 of the conduits I68 and I66. The'main piston I I3 is held in its upper position because the pushback area is greater than the booster area. At the same time the output of pump 62!: is being constantly delivered into the clamping space above the clamping pistons I06 by way of the check valve HI and the conduit I12. I

To start the main piston II3 downwardly, the operator closes switch I4I. This energizes solenoids H8 and. I33, solenoid I33 establishing a holding circuit for holding the solenoids enerconduit I51 leads from the outlet conduit 6Ia to y the pump 62a to the servo-motor I00a. The main pressing space II2 located above the piston H3 .is connected by the conduit I68 to the other surface port I'59'of the valve H8. .The booster space H6 is connected by means of the bore II5 and the conduit I60 to the other surface port I6I gized and also establishing a connection between the lines I30 and I35 preparatory for the operation of the limit switch I21 by the cam I28 carried by the clamping and injecting head I04.

cam I28 closes the limit switch I21 causing enerv gization of the solenoids I20 and I2I. Energizetion of the solenoid I2I causes the timin oto I space freely back to the tank 28a by way of the 1 conduits I10, I68 and I66. At the same time, the valve member in valve II8 causes the application of liquid pressures to the main pressing space II2. ,This causes the main piston II3 to continue downwardly. However, the clamping of the moldhas been effected and the clamping pistons I06 now move away from the bottom of their respective cylinders, the liquid above thepistons I28 being forced through the unloading valve I14 and the conduit I16 and check valve I11, into the conduit I58 and from there into the main pressing space I I2, thereby'greatly increasing the speed of iniection.

' After a predetermined time, the timing motor I44 opens its switch I43, causing deenergization of the solenoids I I9 and I33, which in its turn causes the valve II I to shift so as ..to reestablish the application of liquid pressure to the push-back solenoids I20 and IZI and causing the valve mem ber in the valve I I 8 to resume the position shown in Figure 13.. As a result'thereof, communication between the main'pressing area and the tank 28a is established, and'fluid pressure is conveyed to the booster space H6 which is filled because- It will runner be noted that by having'the clamping area discharge into the main area, an I Y injection stroke at very high speed is obtained.

it was connected freely to the tank 28a during the second portion of the downward stroke and The cooperation of the pressure acting onthe' clamping and push-back areas in overcoming the pressure acting on the main area during the first part of the return stroke is advantageous inas-v much as it allows the injecting head to come to restby the automatic cutting out of the clamping areas when the clamping pisto'ns'bottom, thus bringing the head to rest because the main area exceeds the push-back area. It is not necessary to have high speed during the first part of the return stroke because the mold can not be unclamped until after a relatively long period of,

time necessary for the cooling down of the material in the mold. By having theopposed booster area and push-back area simultaneously connected to receive the output of the pump, the return stroke is carried out at a very high speed.

Another advantage of the method according to the present invention consists in that it does during the first portion of theupward, stroke of the piston H3. The shifting of the valve H8 also cuts oif the ap ication of fluid pressure to the main 'pressingspace H2 and consequently,

the main piston I I3 moves upwardly to complete its return stroke because the push-back area exceeds the booster area. I

Summary of operation of both. embodiments The operation of the presses illustrated in the drawings'may be briefly summarized as follows: (a) A fluid pressure is conveyed to the booster space, causing fast traverse and closing of the mold halves, (b) Fluid pressure is applied to the main pressing space. The main pressing'pistons overcome the clamping pistons causing the fluid squeezed out of the clamping space to enter the main space thereby effecting injection at high speed.

(0) After completion of the injection stroke, the main pressing space is held under'pressure until a predetermined time has elapsed, where upon pressureis applied to the push-back space while fluid pressure is continued to be applied to the 'main pressing space and to the clamping space (which latter is under pressure at, all times). This causes the first part of retraction while the mold halves are held closed. because the clamping area in conjunction with the pushback area exceeds the main area. The retracting movement continues until the clamping pistons bottom. (d) The clampingand injecting head stops when the clamping pistons bottom.

(e) After the head stops and a predetermined time has elapsed, liquid pressure is applied to'the booster area while the main areas are connected to a fluid-reservoir or tank. Since the push-back area is still connected to. fluid pressure, the pushback area overcomes the smaller booster area, and

emit will further be noted thatthe individual portions of the forward. and return stroke are carried out at extremely high speed wherever this is advantageous.

injecting head at dwell,

away with the expense of an accumulator system heretofore necessary for pressing operations of the type involved and that it enables the said pressing operation with the use of a single pump of limited output in a minimum of time.

While it was not expressly referred to above, it will be-understood that the fluid delivery pump is shifted almost to neutral or no-delivery position during the dwell at the end of the injection stroke, while the timer motor Him the embodiment of Figure 13 is holding the clamping and The shifting. of the fluid deliverypump to almost neutral position is accomplished automatically by building up liquid pressure in the conduits 64 and'fi ia respectively, and the transfer of this pressure to the servo- 'motor of the pump. Thus, the injection plunger is held under the injection'pressure.

While the method according to the invention has been described with particular reference to the presses illustrated in the drawings, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited to these particular embodiments, but may also be carried out by modifled presses, and that the invention is to be limited only as defined in the appended claims.

The apparatus herein disclosed is claimed in Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim-as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l; A method of injecting molding plastic material by means of a machine, including a mold ,composed of a-stationary and .a movable mold portion, an injection plunger and fluid pressure devices for actuating said movable mold portion and said plunger, said method comprising the steps of applying fluid pressure to the actuating devices of the movable mold portion for advancing it relatively to the stationary mold portion for closing the mold, applying fluid presvancing it relatively to the stationary mold portion for closing the mold, applying fluid pressure to the actuating devices of said plunger forinitiating the injection of molding material into said mold while simultaneously applying additional pressure fluid to the actuating devices of the movable mold portion for clamping the mold portions together, transferring a, portion of the additional fluid used in clamping the mold portions together to the injection plunger actuating devices to increase the speed of injection of the material into the mold, and after a predetermined time retracting said movable mold portion to allow removal of the molded article.

3. A method of injecting molding plastic material by means of a machine, including a mold composed of a stationary and a. movable mold portion, an injection plunger and fluid pressure devices for actuating said movable mold portion and said plunger, said method comprising the steps of applying fluid pressureto the actuating devices of the movable mold portion for ad-' vancing it relatively to the stationary mold portion for closing the mold, applying fluid pressure to the actuating devices of said plunger for initiating the injection of molding material into said mold while simultaneously applying additional pressure fluid to the actuating devices of the movable mold portion for clamping the mold portions together, transferring a portion of the additional fluid used in clamping the mold portions together to the injection plunger actuating devices to increase the speed ofinjection of the material into the mold, releasing the fluid pressure of injection while maintaining said clamping pressure, and after a predetermined time retracting said movable mold portion to allow removal of the molded article. I

4. A method of injecting molding plastic material by means of a machine,-. including a mold composed of a stationary and a movable mold portion, an injection plunger and fluid pressure devices for actuating said movable mold portion Y and said plunger, said method comprising the I steps of applying fluid pressureto the actuating devices of the movable mold portion for advancing it relatively to the stationary mold portion for closing the mold, applying fluid pressure to the actuating devices of said plunger for initiating the injection of molding material into said mold while simultaneously applying additional pressure fluid to the actuating devices of the movable mold portion for clamping the mold portions together, transferring'a portion of the.

additional fluid used in clamping the mold portions together to the injection plunger actuating devices to increase the speed of injection of the material into the mold,,maintaining said mold parts closed for a predetermined time and spacing 'said mold parts while maintaining hydraulic pressure on one of said mold parts.

WARREN R. TUCKER. 

